Before you get out the garden tools and start pruning, bear in mind that the reason for pruning trees is not just to reshape them. It is also for the health of your trees, to encourage the right structure and to promote healthy growth, flower and fruit production. So, when pruning, you shouldn’t just focus on the shape that you want your trees to be or only prune to cut off overhanging branches. Some of the pruning techniques discussed below are easier than others. Some are best left to a professional arborist.
Removing dead, broken or diseased branches
It is very important to remove any branches that are dead, broken or show signs of disease on a regular basis. These are your tree’s points of vulnerability and, if you do not remove them pests, diseases or decay can move into the rest of your tree. In the worst case scenario, your tree could eventually die and you would have to cut it down. You also remove these branches for safety reasons, as they can break and fall very easily, especially in bad weather.
Thinning your tree
Thinning is another technique that gardeners will be familiar with but can be a bit trickier when dealing with trees rather than shrubs. Here certain branches are trimmed to remove the density of the foliage. This allows light to penetrate and air movement through the canopy. It is really important to know which branches are the right ones to cut back so you don’t damage the overall health of the tree.
Raising the crown
This is when you remove or cut back the lower branches of the tree to raise its canopy. It can be done for aesthetic or safety reasons, providing higher clearance for people passing under the tree, reducing vulnerability to storm damage or managing fire risk. But it also promotes growth, by restricting the growth of the lower branches of young and medium sized trees, all the tree’s energy can go into the growth of the branches higher up the tree.
Reducing the size of the tree
Here we selectively prune branches to reduce the overall height or the spread of the canopy. This type of pruning needs a certain level of skill. It is important that you do not reduce the tree by too much or you can cause irreparable damage or even kill the tree. As a rule of thumb, we do not remove more than a third of the canopy but the amount of cutting back a tree can tolerate will depend on the species of tree.